T h e present work is offered as a contribution to the history It goes without saying that the responsibility for the completed work is entirely my own. Helpful comments on the manuscript were offered by Dr. I have benefitted greatly from conversations with Professor Selim Deringil, Dr. The present work has its distant origins in a PhD thesis completed at London University under the supervision of Dr. I am grateful to the present Lord Salisbury for permission to examine and cite the papers of the 3rd Marquis of Salisbury. 1 owe similar debts to the directors and staffs of the Drzavni Arhiv Saveznog Sekretariata Inostranih Poslova, Belgrade, the Archiv Socialisticke Republike Crne Gore, Cetinje, the Haus- Hof- und Staatsarchiv, Vienna, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the National Library, Sofia, and the Public Record Office, Kew. I owe numerous debts oi' gratitude, in particular, to successive Directors and staffs of the Ba§bakanlik Ar§ivi, Istanbul, for their unfailing assistance and advice. The Decline of the Ottoman Empire Abdiilhamid II and his Regime Abdiilhamid II and Foreign Policy San Stefano, Berlin and the Cyprus Convention The Approach to Germany The Egyptian Crisis Detente with Russia The Sudan The Hasan Fehmi Mission The Penjdeh Crisis The Drummond Wolff Mission The Eastern Rumelian Crisis The Eastern Rumelian Settlement Batum, the Straits and Egypt The Bulgarian Crisis The Mediterranean Agreement, the Triple Alliance and the Egyptian Convention Ferdinand of Bulgaria Conclusionġ 19 41 53 73 87 101 Ill 119 131 141 153 171 179 197 215 239 255

XVIII.Īcknowledgements Preface Notes on Transcription, Toponymy and Calendars No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.ġ ISBN 978-1-61143-124-7 Reprinted from the 1996 Istanbul edition.

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA Copyright© 2011 by Gorgias Press LLC Originally published in 1996 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Publications of the Center for Ottoman Diplomatic History 7Ī co-publication with The Isis Press, Istanbul, the series consists of collections of thematic essays focused on Ottoman diplomatic history from the late eighteenth century until the early twentieth century.Ībdülhamid II and the Great Powers, 1878-1888 The Mediterranean Agreement, the Triple Alliance and the Egyptian Convention San Stefano, Berlin and the Cyprus Convention

Abdülhamit Gerçeği by Orhan Koloğlu